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- The epidemiology of malaria results from the demands of
its life cycle, which requires reservoirs of infected and
uninfected humans, competent anopheline vectors, and multiple
opportunities for contact between the vector and its human
host.
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- Vectors are insects, which transmit infection by biting
or by depositing infected material on the skin, food or
other objects
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- Vectors for malaria are female Anopheles mosquitoes
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- Vectors differ considerably in their natural abundance,
feeding, and resting behaviours, breeding sites, flight
ranges, choice of blood source and vulnerability to environmental
conditions and insecticides
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- Malaria is often seasonal, coinciding with the rainy season
which provides water for mosquito breeding and increased
humidity favouring mosquito survival
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- For transmission of malaria, the mosquito must live at
least 10 days after an infective blood meal during which
it must bite a susceptible human host.
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